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Also much of the energy used rein plastic production is not sustainable energy, for example high temperature from burning fossil gas. However plastics can limit some methane emissions, for example packaging to reduce food waste.[127]
The plastic industry includes the global production, compounding, conversion and sale of plastic products. Although the Middle East and Russia produce most of the required petrochemical raw materials, the production of plastic is concentrated hinein the global East and West. The plastic industry comprises a huge number of companies and can be divided into several sectors:
Most plastics contain organic polymers.[10] The vast majority of these polymers are formed from chains of carbon atoms, with or without the attachment of oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms. These chains comprise many repeating units formed from monomers. Each polymer chain consists of several thousand repeating units. The backbone is the parte of the chain that is on the main path, linking together a large number of repeat units.
A number of additives identified as hazardous to humans and/or the environment are regulated internationally. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from chemicals that remain intact hinein the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife, and have harmful impacts on human health or on the environment.[2]
A literature study made in 2022 by geologist student Björn Lycke shows that the amount of microplastics rein sediment is increasing worldwide, especially hinein ports and tourist beaches.[82]
Plastics engineering – Engineering field studying polymer materialsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Historically, Europe and North America have dominated global plastics production. However, since 2010 Asia has emerged as a significant producer, with China accounting for 31% of total plastic resin production rein 2020.[29] Regional differences in the volume of plastics production are driven by Endbenutzer demand, the price of fossil fuel feedstocks, and investments made in the petrochemical industry.
The concentrations of most additives are usually quite low, however high levels can be added to create Masterbatch products. The additives hinein these are concentrated but lautlos properly dispersed hinein the host resin.
High-performance plastics are usually expensive, with their use limited to specialized applications which make use of their superior properties.
Waste plastic, even if it is all of the same polymer Durchschuss, will contain varying types and amounts of additives. Mixing these together can give a material with inconsistent properties, which can Beryllium unappealing to industry. For example, mixing different colored plastics with different plastic colorants together can produce a discolored or brown material and for this reason plastic is usually sorted by both polymer type and color before recycling.[2]
Hinein feedstock recycling, waste plastic is converted into its starting chemicals, which can then become fresh plastic. This involves higher energy and capital costs. Alternatively, plastic can Beryllium burned in place of fossil fuels in energy recovery facilities, or biochemically converted into other useful chemicals for industry.
Refill (scheme) – British environmental get more info campaignPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
The 2024 Action Theme is “Catalyzing action for ur oceans and climate" The climate crisis is one of the largest threats for ur blue planet. For a healthy climate and healthy oceans, we need stronger national and i...
A plastic handle from a kitchen utensil, deformed by heat and partially melted One important classification of plastics is the degree to which the chemical processes used to make them are reversible or not.
Because the chemical structure of most plastics renders them durable, they are resistant to many natural degradation processes. Much of this material may persist for centuries or longer, given the demonstrated persistence of structurally similar natural materials such as Bernsteinfarben.